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Radio Troubleshooting Guidebook - 1954
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I - SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVERS
Chapter 1 - A-M Superheterodynes
1-1 Troubleshooting and the Receiver Function
1-2 Comparison of T.R.F. and Superheterodyne Receivers
1-3 Functional Receiver Sections
1-4 Typical A-M Superheterodyne Arrangements
1-5 Importance of Basic Sections
1-6 R-F Section
1-7 Conversion Section
1-8 Pentagrid Converters
1-9 Triode-Heptode and Triode-Hexode Converters
1-10 Critical Nature of Converter Oscillator Sections
1-11 Separate Oscillator-Tube Arrangements
1-12 Intermediate Frequencies
1-13 I-F Amplifier Section
1-14 Second Detectors, or Demodulators
1-15 A-F Amplifier Section
1-16 Automatic Volume Control (AVC)
1-17 Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)
1-18 Double-Conversion Superheterodynes
1-19 Crystal Filters
Chapter 2 - F-M Superheterodynes
2-1 Universal Use of Superheterodyne for F-M Reception
2-2 Types of F-M Receivers
2-3 R-F Section
2-4 Conversion Section
2-5 I-F Amplifier Section
2-6 Methods of Demodulation
2-7 Limiter Stage
2-8 The Phase Discriminator
2-9 The Ratio Detector
2-10 The Locked-Oscillator Detector
2-11 The Gated-beam Detector
2-12 Combination A-M/F-M Receivers
PART II - FUNDAMENTAL TROUBLESHOOTING
Chapter 3 - Fundamental Troubleshooting Systems
3-1 Troubleshooting Systems
3-2 Importance of Service Data
3-3 Quick Preliminary Tests
3-4 Troubleshooting Equipment
3-5 Static Tests
3-6 Resistance Measurements
3-7 Voltage Measurements
3-8 Capacitance, Inductance, and Resce Measurements
3-9 Current Readings
3-10 Advantages of Signal Tracing
3-11 Preliminary Tests
3-12 Signal Source for Signal Tracing
3-13 Tracing Instruments
3-14 Signal Injection
3-15 Gain Measurements in Troubleshooting
3-16 Alignment in Troubleshooting
3-17 Determining Unknown Intermediate Frequency
PART III - COMMON SYMPTOMS AND REMEDIES
Chapter 4 - Undesired Signals
4-1 Causes and Sources of Undesired Signals
4-2 Image Interference
4-3 Important Factors about Interference Symptoms
4-4 Symptoms and Contributing Causes
4-5 Interfering Station Frequency is 10 KC from Desired Station Frequency
4-6 Interfering Frequency Equal to the Frequency of the Desired Station, Plus Twice the Numerical Value of the Intermediate Frequency
4-7 Interfering Frequency Equal to the Frequency of the Desired Station, Minus Twice the Numerical Value of the Intermediate Frequency
4-8 With Converter, Interfering Frequency Equal, or Close, to Intermediate Frequency of Converter
4-9 With Converter, Interfering Frequency within 20 or 30 KC of Converter Intermediate Frequency
4-10 Interfering Frequency Differs from Desired Frequency by Value of the Intermediate Frequency
4-11 Interfering Frequency Differs from Desired Frequency by Slightly More or Less Than the Intermediate Frequency
4-12 Interfering Station Appears During Lapse of Desired Station Modulation without Any Change of Dial Setting (Reception May Be Fuzzy of Blurred at Times or Accompanied by Wobble or Low-Pitched Hum)
4-13 Police, Amateur, Aircraft, or Other Short-Wave Interference of a Frequency Higher Than the Tuning Range of the Receiver
4-14 Untunable, Intermittent Code or Speech Interference (Is a Background to All Desired Stations, Regardless of the Setting of Receiver Dial)
4-15 Nearby Transmitter Signal Blankets Certain Spots on Tuning Dial but Does Not Interfere with Other Distant Stations
4-16 Signal from Powerful Local Station Appears at Several Points Along Dial (Repeat Tuning with Single-Dial Receiver)
4-17 Heterodyne Whistle at 910 KC in Receiver with 455-KC Intermediate Frequency
4-18 High-Frequency A-M Broadcast Stations Received at Low End of Dial
4-19 Converter with Tunable Whistles at Various Frequencies
4-20 Converter or Double-Conversion Receiver Wit Tunable Heterodyne Whistles at Random Frequencies
4-21 Strong Tunable Whistle from Beat Frequency (C-W) Oscillator
4-22 Strong Tunable Whistle on Each Station, with No Beat Oscillator
4-23 Whistle or Growl Backgroundto All Stations
4-24 Station Can Be Tuned inat Two Points on Dial
4-25 Whistle at Frequencies Slightly Lower or Higher Than I-F Peak
4-26 Receiver Operative Over a Portion of the Dial
4-27 Desired Station Disappears Gradually and Other Station Signal Slowly Comes In
4-28 Interfering Signal Appears After Period of Use (Although R-F, Mixer, and Oscillator Circuits Are Perfectly Aligned and Desired Signal Strength Is Substantially Normal)
4-29 Frequent Readjustment of the I-F Trimmers Required
4-30 Steady Howl on All Stations
4-31 Steady Rushing Noise over Part, or All, of Tuning Range, with Trace of Some Signals Through It
4-32 Whistle Heterodyne SweepsRapidly Back and Forth Across Desired Signal During Normal Reception, or Gradually Lowers or Raises in Pitch and Settles at One Steady Tone, without Any Adjustment of Receiver
4-33 Roughly Modulated Signal, Unstable, Received About Every 16 Kc Through the A-M Broadcast Band and on Short Waves, Heterodyning Whenever Signals are Received
4-34 F-M Receivers Less Susceptible to Interference
4-35 Interference from a Station 21.4 Mc Higher Than Desired Station
4-36 Whistle Sweeps Across Received Signal Frequency or Slowly Settles Down to Steady Frequency-Modulated Whistle
4-37 Desired Signal Becomes Distorted and Fades, Adjacent Channel Comes In
4-38 Desired Station Suddenly Disappears and Another Station Takes its Place; New and Desired Stations Change Off Intermittently
4-39 Signal on Adjacent Channel Interferes
Chapter 5 - Weak Signals
5-1 Importance of Testing Tubes
5-2 Static Tests in Weak Receivers
5-3 Signal Tracing in Weak Receivers
5-4 Testing the A-F Signal in Weak Receivers
5-5 Check List of Most Common Causes of Weak Signals
5-6 Distinguishing Between Failure of R-F and A-F Sensitivity
5-7 Other Variations of the Weak-Signal Symptom
5-8 Weak Signals over a Part of Tuning Range (Sometimes Accompanied by Distortion)
5-9 Weak Signals Over Certain Bands of a Multiband Receiver
5-10 Weak Signals Over Part of Tuning Range, with Converter
5-11 Switching Lights or Appliances On or Off Causes Weak Signals
5-12 Distant Station Gradually Becomes Weak, Then Returns Gradually to Full Strength; Locals Remain Steady
5-13 In Battery Receiver, All Stations Gradually Become Weaker
5-14 Midget Receiver with Loop Antenna Gives Weak Reception When Used in Normal Operating Location
5-15 Receiver with R-F Stage and/or Two or More I-F Stages Produces Weak Signals, with Steady or Tunable Rushing Noise
5-16 Weak Signals but No Other Sound from Loudspeaker Even with Volume Control Advanced
5-17 Weak Signals with Rushing Noise, Volume Control Well Advanced
Chapter 6 - Distortion
Distortion in A-M Receivers
6-1 Nature of Distortion Troubleshooting Problem
6-2 Tracing Distortion
6-3 Distortion Tracing (A-F Circuits)
6-4 Rough, Nasal Sound Accompanied by Whistle
6-5 Hum Modulation on All Signals, Breaking Up Modulation
6-6 Rough, Scratchy Distortion; Worse on Modulation Peaks (Louder Passages)
6-7 Rough, Scratchy Distortion, with Tendency of Receiver to Go Completely Silent (Block) on Strong Signals
6-8 Very Rough, Scratchy Distortion with Considerable Blocking on Stronger Signals
6-9 A-F Signal Broken up and Modulated by Unstable Whistle or Squeel
6-10 Rough, Scratchy Harmonic Distortion at Almost All Signal Levels, without Overloading, in Receivers with Push-Pull Output
6-11 Signal Gradually Becomes Distorted, with Fading
6-12 Fuzzy Rattling and Buzzing with A-F Signal
6-13 A-F Signal Broken up by Heterodyne Whistles from Interfering Signals
Distortion in F-M Receivers
6-14 Problems Similar to Those in A-M Receivers
Chapter 7 - Noise
7-1 What is Noise?
7-2 Random Noise
7-3 Other Types of Noise
7-4 Static Tests
7-5 Tracing Noise
7-6 Sputtering and Frying, Sometimes with Intermittent Buzzing
7-7 Loud Ringing or Distorted Tone, Starting or Stopping when the Receiver is Jarred
7-8 Scratching Noise when Volume Control is Adjusted
7-9 Scratching Noise when Dial is Tuned to Certain Frequencies
7-10 Motorboating (Putt-Putt sound)
7-11 Steady Howl
7-12 Steady Roaring or Buzzing, Stopping Periodically, Sometimes Coming on Only at Certain Times of the Day
7-13 On Short Waves, a Series of Popping or Sputtering Noise Pulses, Having a Regular but Variable Frequency, and Synchronized to Automobile Engine or Other Gasoline Engine
7-14 Noise Problems in F-M Receivers
Chapter 8 - Dead Receiver
8-1 Nature of the Dead-Receiver Symptom
8-2 Can Power Be Safely Applied?
8-3 Preliminary Static Tests to Determine Whether Power Should Be Applied
8-4 Static Tests in Dead Receivers
8-5 Signal Tracing in Dead Receivers
8-6 Sectional Trouble Localization
8-7 Tracing the A-F Signal in Dead Receivers
INDEX
TABLES AND DATA
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